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CALCIUM Calcium is a mineral of vital importance to our organism. 99% of the calcium becomes part of our skeleton and teeth. The average requirement of calcium for an adult is 1000mg a day. The daily average loss of calcium is approximately 400 mg and is eliminated through urine, feces and sweat.. The quantity of calcium assimilated daily by our body depends on intestinal absorption. Only 35/45% of calcium supplied by our food is absorbed, and even this amount is determined by the physiological state of our organism .
A PROBLEM: INTESTINAL ABSORPTION A supplement of calcium in our diet is not sufficient to satisfy our organism's daily requirement. It is necessary that the supply of calcium be absorbed at the intestinal level. If in normal physiological conditions our body doesn't assimilate more than35/45% of calcium, in compromised physiological conditions the amount absorbed is even lower. Among the compromised physiological conditions (inflammatory and bacterial pathologies of the intestine, alteration of the beneficent saprophytic flora, etc.) the digestion of lactose has become of great importance and in numerous studies has shown to be directly tied to the absorption of calcium.
LACTOSE AND THE ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM The digestion of lactose is tied to the loss of the enzyme which breaks it up: "Lactase" or "Beta Galactosidase". In adults or in the elderly, unlike children who have lactic activity at the highest degree, there is a rapid decrease of lactic activity down to no activity at all, caused by the reduction or alteration of the bacterial flora, which is the prime producer of the enzyme. The altered digestion of lactose, or intolerance, is often misunderstood, and its importance should be reevaluated.
As far back is 1967, the Italian National Institute of Health noted the existence of a strict relationship between poor absorption of lactose and osteoporosis: the frequency of poor absorption of lactose is equal to 47% in a group of 19 patients compared to 0% in the control group of the same age and sex.
Harma and Alhama have demonstrated a correlation, in a group of elderly subjects, between poor lactose absorption and the incidence of hip fracture.
Wheadon and coll., in their study on elderly women, have noted that the high incidence of poor absorption of lactose is accompanied by an increased risk of type II osteoporosis, compared to the younger population.
LACTOSE AND THE ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM: HOW IT WORKS Since the absorption of lactose favors the absorption of calcium, an insufficient amount or poor absorption can alter the extra/intracellular equilibrium of the ion. We have seen that the lactose absorbed by the intestine determines a re-absorption of water and promotes an increase of the endoluminal concentrations of calcium. This process creates a gradient of concentration of calcium which leads to an intracellular increase and therefore, absorption. Furthermore, the break up of lactose, which produces lactic acid, lowers the local pH, bringing it to the ideal level for the absorption of calcium.
L-ARGININE, L-LYSINE AND THE ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM: HOW IT WORKS L-Arginine and L-Lysine, with complex and particular mechanisms of action like, for example, the production of nitroxide (NO), improve the intestinal absorption of calcium, activate the osteoblasts and inhibit the re-absorption of the bone by the osteoclasts. Since the absorption of lactose is strictly tied to the absorption of calcium, the final result is: altered absorption of lactose means altered absorption of calcium.
TESTS CONDUCTED A series of experimental studies have documented both an altered permeability in the intestine of the elderly and an alteration in the active transportation of carbohydrates.
Feibush and coll. have demonstrated a reduced tolerance of lactose in the elderly compared to the young adult.
Wheadon and coll. have estimated the frequency of poor absorption of lactose in a population of women, demonstrating a significant prevalence in the group of elderly women compared to the group of younger women
A numerous series of studies demonstrated a close correlation between poor absorption of lactose and poor absorption of calcium, a factor which can lead to the development of osteoporosis and fractures. |